The Degree of Comparison
Kata Sifat (Adjectives) yang terdiri atas satu suku kata, hanya ditambah dengan akhiran
–er : menyatakan lebih
–est. : menyatakan Paling
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti |
| cheap | cheaper | cheapest | Murah |
| great | greater | greatest | Hebat/besar |
| tall | taller | tallest | Tinggi |
| high | higher | highest | Tinggi |
| small | smaller | smallest | Kecil |
| short | shorter | shortest | Pendek |
| long | longer | longest | Panjang |
| fast | faster | fastest | Cepat |
| loud | louder | loudest | Keras |
| low | lower | lowest | Rendah |
| old | older | oldest | Tua |
| strong | stronger | strongest | Kuat |
| young | younger | youngest | muda |
Kata sifat yang terdiri dari satu suku kata dan berakhiran dengan satu huruf mati (Konsonan) yang diawali dengan huruf (Vokal), ditambah dengan akhiran –er dan –est. Satu huruf mati terakhir digandakan.
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti |
| big | bigger | biggest | Besar |
| wet | wetter | wettest | Basah |
| hot | hotter | hottest | Panas |
| fat | fatter | fattest | Gemuk |
| thin | thinner | thinnest | kurus |
Kata sifat (Adjective) yang berakhiran dengan huruf –y dan diawali satu atau dua huruf mati, maka –y diganti dengan –i dan kemudian ditambah –er atau -est.
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti | |
| happy | happier | happiest | Senang/bahagia | |
| lucky | luckier | luckiest | Mujur | |
| pretty | prettier | prettiest | Cantik | |
| lazy | lazier | laziest | Malas | |
| busy | busier | busiest | Sibuk | |
| crazy | crazier | craziest | Gila | |
| dry | drier | driest | Kering | |
| easy | easier | easiest | Mudah | |
| lovely | lovelier | loveliest | Bagus/menyenangkan | |
| funny | funnier | funniest | Lucu | |
Kata sifat yang berakhiran dengan huruf –y dan sebelumnya diawali dengan huruf hidup (Vokal) juga, maka huruf –y tidak mengalami perubahan dan langsung ditambah –er atau –est.
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti |
| grey | greyer | greyest | Abu-abu |
| clay | clayer | clayest | liat |
Kata sifat yang terdiri atas dua suku kata dan berakhiran dengan –er atau –ow langsung ditambah –er atau -est.
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti |
| clever | cleverer | cleverest | Pandai |
| shallow | shallower | shallowest | dangkal |
| slow | slower | slowest | pelan |
Kata sifat yang terdiri atas dua suku kata yang berakhiran dengan huruf –e, maka hanya ditambah dengan –r atau –st saja.
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti |
| wise | wiser | wisest | Bijak |
| polite | politer | politest | sopan |
| brave | braver | bravest | berani |
| large | larger | largest | Besar/luas |
| nice | nicer | nicest | Bagus/menyenangkan |
| wide | wider | widest | lebar |
| complete | completer | completest | lengkap |
| simple | simpler | simplest | sederhana |
Kata sifat yang terdiri atas dua suku kata, akan tetapi tekanan pengucapannya jatuh pada suku kata pertama, tidak ditambah –er dan –est tetapi ditambah dengan more dan most.
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti |
| famous | more famous | most famous | Terkenal |
| nervous | more nervous | most nervous | Gelisah /gugup |
| charming | more charming | most charming | mempesona |
Kata sifat yang terdiri atas tiga suku kata atau lebih, langsung ditambah dengan more atau most.
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti |
| careful | more careful | most careful | Hati-hati |
| careless | more careless | most careless | Ceroboh |
| useful | more useful | most useful | Berguna |
| useless | more useless | most useless | Kurang berguna |
| readable | more readable | most readable | Dapat dibaca |
| terrible | more terrible | most terrible | Situasi buruk sekali |
| difficult | more difficult | most difficult | Sulit |
| diligent | more diligent | most diligent | Rajin |
| different | more different | most different | berbeda |
Ada beberapa Kata Sifat (Adjective) yang bentuk Comparative (Lebih) maupun Superlative(Paling)-nya tidak mengikuti aturan seperti yang telah ditetapkan di atas, perhatikan tabel di bawah ini.
Irregulation Forms (tidak Beraturan)
| Positive | Comparative (lebih...) | Superlative (Paling....) | Arti |
| bad | worse | worst | Buruk |
| ill | worse | worst | Sakit |
| evil | worse | worst | Jahat |
| good | better | best | Baik |
| many | more | most | Banyak |
| much | more | most | Banyak |
| a little | less | least | Sedikit/kurang |
| little | littler | littlest | Kecil/sedikit |
| late | later later | last latest | terlambat |
| old | older elder | oldest eldest | Tua/lama |
| far | farther further | farthest furthest | Jauh/lanjut |
| a few | less | least | Sedikit/kurang |
| few | fewer | fewest | Sedikit/kurang |
| hind | hinder | hindmost | belakang |
CATATAN
Older dan oldest digunakan untuk orang dan benda, sedangkan elder dan eldest hanya digunakan untuk orang saja.
| Contohnya: She is my elder sister. My truck is older than yours. |
Farther dan farthest digunakan untuk menunjukkan jarak saja, sedangkan further dan furthestdigunakan untuk menunjukkan jarak dan waktu.
| Contohnya: Bali is farther than Maluku. We shall get further information. |
Fungsi Positive Degree (Tingkat Positif)
Positive Degree digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan yang apa adanya.
Contoh: She is a beautiful girl.
Positive Degree digunakan untuk membandingkan dua benda atau orang yang tingkatannyasama, baik sifat, bentuk atau bagian lainnya.
Formulas:
| as + positive + as no less + positive + than not more + positive + than |
Contoh:
She is as beautiful as her sister.
(Artinya: Dia secantik saudara perempuannya)
She is no less beautiful than her sister.
(Artinya: Dia sama cantiknya dengan saudara perempuannya)
She is not more beautiful than her sister.
(Artinya: Dia tidak lebih cantik daripada saudara perempuannya = berarti sama cantiknya)
Dan untuk bentuk kalimat negatifnya dapat menggunakan rumus berikut:
| not + as + positive + as |
Contoh:
She is not as beautiful as her sister
(Artinya: Dia tidak secantik saudara perempuannya)
Fungsi Comparative Degree (Tingkat perbandingan / lebih)
Comparative Degree digunakan untuk membandingkan dua benda atau orang yang berbeda. Atau dengan kata lain digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu benda atau orang itu mempunyai sifat lebih dibandingkan yang lain.
Formula:
| Comparative + than |
Contoh:
My house is bigger than his house.
(Artinya: rumah saya lebih besar daripada rumahnya)
Superlative Degree (Tingkat terbaik/ paling)
Superlative Degree digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa seseorang atau suatu bendamempunyai sifat melebihi atau mengungguli dibandingkan yang lainnya. Pada umumnya digunakan untuk membandingkan tiga benda atau lebih.
Formulas:
| the + superlative + of the + superlative + noun |
Contoh:
He is the funniest student in this class.
(Artinya: Dia adalah murid paling lucu di kelas)
She is the most beautiful of all the girls.
(Artinya: Dia adalah wanita paling cantik diantara semua wanita)
This is the most expensive car.
(Artinya: Ini adalah mobil paling mahal)
Exercise 1
Change into comparative or superlative, the word in the parenthesis
- A horse is (big) than a dog.
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- He is (short) than his brother.
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- I’m (busy) today than I was yesterday.
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- I can run (fast) than you can.
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5. My house is (small), in my village
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6. It’s the (less) of two evils.
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- She is (helpful) than her sister.
.............................................................
- Mr. Gallant is (courageous) than his cousin.
.............................................................
- Craig is less (practical) Kay. ..............................................................
- Celine sings (beautifully) than Barbara.
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- That’s a good movie, but this one is (............).
- Actually, I think that one is (..............).
- He’s (quick as) his brother.
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- This chair is not ( as comfortable) that one.
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- He is the (fast) man alive.
- ...............................................................
- That’s the (funny) clown I’ve ever seen.
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- Ben works the (hard) of them all.
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- This is the (good) deal I can offer you.
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- That was the (good) time I’ve ever had.
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- It was the (bad) dinner I’ve ever cooked.
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- He’s the (...........) wonderful man I’ve met.
...............................................................
- That was (............) difficult exam I’ve ever taken.
...............................................................
- Chris sings (............) beautifully of them all.
...............................................................
- Mika is beautiful and Agnes is beautiful. Mika is (beautiful) Agnes
...............................................................
- Mika is beautiful and Agnes is beautiful. Mika is the same (beautiful) Agnes
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